Title |
4-Methylumbelliferone Treatment and Hyaluronan Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, March 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00123 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nadine Nagy, Hedwich F. Kuipers, Adam R. Frymoyer, Heather D. Ishak, Jennifer B. Bollyky, Thomas N. Wight, Paul L. Bollyky |
Abstract |
Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix at many sites of chronic inflammation, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis, and numerous malignancies. Recent publications have demonstrated that when HA synthesis is inhibited using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), beneficial effects are observed in several animal models of these diseases. Notably, 4-MU is an already approved drug in Europe and Asia called "hymecromone" where it is used to treat biliary spasm. However, there is uncertainty regarding how 4-MU treatment provides benefit in these animal models and the potential long-term consequences of HA inhibition. Here, we review what is known about how HA contributes to immune dysregulation and tumor progression. Then, we review what is known about 4-MU and hymecromone in terms of mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Finally, we review recent studies detailing the use of 4-MU to treat animal models of cancer and autoimmunity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 20% |
Switzerland | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 3 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 20% |
Scientists | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 187 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 39 | 21% |
Researcher | 28 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 12% |
Student > Master | 17 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 7% |
Other | 24 | 13% |
Unknown | 46 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 39 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 24 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 12% |
Chemistry | 17 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 3% |
Other | 27 | 14% |
Unknown | 54 | 28% |