Title |
Mechanisms of Autoantibody Production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, May 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00228 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Shuhong Han, Haoyang Zhuang, Stepan Shumyak, Lijun Yang, Westley H. Reeves |
Abstract |
Autoantibodies against a panoply of self-antigens are seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, but only a few (anti-Sm/RNP, anti-Ro/La, anti-dsDNA) are common. The common lupus autoantigens are nucleic acid complexes and levels of autoantibodies can be extraordinarily high. We explore why that is the case. Lupus is associated with impaired central or peripheral B-cell tolerance and increased circulating autoreactive B cells. However, terminal differentiation is necessary for autoantibody production. Nucleic acid components of the major lupus autoantigens are immunostimulatory ligands for toll-like receptor (TLR)7 or TLR9 that promote plasma cell differentiation. We show that the levels of autoantibodies against the U1A protein (part of a ribonucleoprotein) are markedly higher than autoantibodies against other antigens, including dsDNA and the non-nucleic acid-associated autoantigens insulin and thyroglobulin. In addition to driving autoantibody production, TLR7 engagement is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease in lupus. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 2 | 29% |
Mexico | 1 | 14% |
Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 6 | 86% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 154 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 14% |
Researcher | 15 | 10% |
Student > Master | 15 | 10% |
Other | 14 | 9% |
Other | 23 | 15% |
Unknown | 44 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 30 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 24 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 20 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 12% |
Chemistry | 5 | 3% |
Other | 12 | 8% |
Unknown | 47 | 30% |