Title |
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, August 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hang Yang, Mona Helena Biermann, Jan Markus Brauner, Yi Liu, Yi Zhao, Martin Herrmann |
Abstract |
Recent data suggest that NETosis plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and disturbs the homeostasis of the immune system. NETosis is a form of neutrophil-specific cell death characterized by the release of large web-like structures referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of DNA strands associated with histones and decorated with about 20 different proteins, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, high mobility group protein B1, and LL37. Reportedly, NETosis can be induced by several microbes, and particulate matter including sterile stimuli, via distinct cellular mechanisms. Meanwhile, suicidal NETosis and vital NETosis are controversial. As we enter the second decade of research on NETosis, we have partly understood NETs as double-edged swords of innate immunity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of NETosis, its antimicrobial action, and role in autoimmune diseases, as well as the relatively new field of NET-associated mitochondrial DNA. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 13% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 13% |
Switzerland | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 5 | 63% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 75% |
Scientists | 2 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Poland | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 415 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 59 | 14% |
Student > Master | 57 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 53 | 13% |
Researcher | 49 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 28 | 7% |
Other | 60 | 14% |
Unknown | 113 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 80 | 19% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 57 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 56 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 41 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 16 | 4% |
Other | 43 | 10% |
Unknown | 126 | 30% |