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Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
iNKT Cells in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Display Pro-inflammatory Profiles
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, November 2016
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00555 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sara De Biasi, Anna Maria Simone, Milena Nasi, Elena Bianchini, Diana Ferraro, Francesca Vitetta, Lara Gibellini, Marcello Pinti, Cinzia Del Giovane, Patrizia Sola, Andrea Cossarizza |
| Abstract |
Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease with neurodegeneration and inflammation is characterized by several alterations of different T cell subsets. However, few data exist on the role of iNKT lymphocytes. To identify possible changes in the phenotype of iNKT cells in patients with different clinical forms of MS and find alterations in their polyfunctionality [i.e., ability to produce simultaneously up to four cytokines such as IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-4]. We studied a total of 165 patients, 91 with a relapsing-remitting form [RR; 31 were treated with interferon (IFN)1a-β, 25 with natalizumab (NAT), 29 with glatiramer acetate; 17 were newly diagnosed RR without treatment, 19 not-active RR without treatment]. Forty-four patients had a progressive MS: 20 primary progressive (PP) and 24 secondary progressive (SP). A total of 55 age- and sex-matched subjects represented healthy controls (CTR). Among fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells, iNKT cells were identified by flow cytometry. Moreover, the capability of iNKT cells to produce different cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4) after in vitro stimulation were evaluated in 18 RR (11 treated with NAT and 7 with IFN), 4 PP, 6 SP, and 16 CTR. No main differences were found in iNKT cell phenotype among MS patients with different MS forms or during different treatments. However, the polyfunctional response of iNKT cells showed Th1 and Th17 profiles. This was well evident in patients with SP form, who are characterized by high levels of inflammation and neurodegeneration, and exhibited a sustained increase in the production of Th17 cytokines. Patients treated with NAT displayed lower levels of iNKT cells producing IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Our data suggest that the progressive phase of the disease is characterized by permanent iNKT activation and a skewing towards an inflammatory phenotype. Compared to other treatments, NAT was able to modulate iNKT cell function. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 40 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 40 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 20% |
| Researcher | 6 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 8% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Unknown | 11 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 28% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 18% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 8% |
| Neuroscience | 2 | 5% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 15 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 December 2016.
All research outputs
#19,942,887
of 25,371,288 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#22,563
of 31,513 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#297,443
of 415,950 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#204
of 250 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,371,288 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 18th percentile – i.e., 18% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 31,513 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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