Title |
CANDLE Syndrome As a Paradigm of Proteasome-Related Autoinflammation
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, August 2017
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DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00927 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Antonio Torrelo |
Abstract |
CANDLE syndrome (Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis with Lipodystrophy and Elevated temperature) is a rare, genetic autoinflammatory disease due to abnormal functioning of the multicatalytic system proteasome-immunoproteasome. Several recessive mutations in different protein subunits of this system, located in one single subunit (monogenic, homozygous, or compound heterozygous) or in two different ones (digenic and compound heterozygous), cause variable defects in catalytic activity of the proteasome-immunoproteasome. The final result is a sustained production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that can be very much increased by banal triggers such as cold, stress, or viral infections. Patients start very early in infancy with recurrent or even daily fevers, characteristic skin lesions, wasting, and a typical fat loss, all conferring the patients a unique and unmistakable phenotype. So far, no treatment has been effective for the treatment of CANDLE syndrome; the JAK inhibitor baricitinib seems to be partially helpful. In this article, a review in depth all the pathophysiological, clinical, and laboratory features of CANDLE syndrome is provided. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 22% |
Singapore | 1 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Switzerland | 1 | 11% |
India | 1 | 11% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 2 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 78% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 22% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 80 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Other | 15 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 16% |
Researcher | 8 | 10% |
Student > Master | 8 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 9% |
Other | 15 | 19% |
Unknown | 14 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 31% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Unknown | 17 | 21% |