Title |
Leprosy As a Complex Infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 Immune Paradigm in the Immunopathogenesis of the Disease
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, November 2017
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DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01635 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa, Mirian Nacagami Sotto, Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma |
Abstract |
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease whose evolution involves complex immune mechanisms of the host that influence the clinical presentation of the disease. For many years, the main interpretation of the host defense response was based on characterization of the established immune paradigm between T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 lymphocytes. However, with advances in the knowledge of immunology, new approaches have emerged along with the development of new immunological pathways that have changed the interpretation of the long-established paradigm of the polar forms of the disease, especially with the identification of new subtypes of T lymphocytes such as Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tregs. Thus, this review discusses the role of these new subtypes of T helper lymphocytes and how the development of the immune response of these cells modifies the pattern of the Th1/Th2 response in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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India | 1 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Colombia | 1 | 25% |
Netherlands | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 141 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 27 | 19% |
Student > Master | 16 | 11% |
Researcher | 12 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 5% |
Other | 23 | 16% |
Unknown | 45 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 13 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 10 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 5% |
Other | 21 | 15% |
Unknown | 50 | 35% |