Title |
Spoiling for a Fight: B Lymphocytes As Initiator and Effector Populations within Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Autoimmunity and Transplantation
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, November 2017
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01639 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jawaher Alsughayyir, Gavin J. Pettigrew, Reza Motallebzadeh |
Abstract |
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) develop at ectopic sites within chronically inflamed tissues, such as in autoimmunity and rejecting organ allografts. TLOs differ structurally from canonical secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), in that they lack a mantle zone and are not encapsulated, suggesting that they may provide unique immune function. A notable feature of TLOs is the frequent presence of structures typical of germinal centers (GCs). However, little is known about the role of such GCs, and in particular, it is not clear if the B cell response within is autonomous, or whether it synergizes with concurrent responses in SLOs. This review will discuss ectopic lymphoneogenesis and the role of the B cell in TLO formation and subsequent effector output in the context of autoimmunity and transplantation, with particular focus on the contribution of ectopic GCs to affinity maturation in humoral immune responses and to the potential breakdown of self-tolerance and development of humoral autoimmunity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | 25% |
United States | 2 | 17% |
Lebanon | 1 | 8% |
Spain | 1 | 8% |
Switzerland | 1 | 8% |
Germany | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 3 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 8 | 67% |
Scientists | 3 | 25% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 53 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 23% |
Researcher | 6 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 9% |
Student > Master | 5 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 6% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Unknown | 17 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 28% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 4% |
Other | 3 | 6% |
Unknown | 16 | 30% |