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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Perspective on Protein Arginine Deiminase Activity—Bicarbonate Is a pH-Independent Regulator of Citrullination
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00034 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Yebin Zhou, Nanette Mittereder, Gary P. Sims |
| Abstract |
Protein citrullination catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADs) is involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcium is a key regulator of PAD activity, but under normal physiological conditions it remains uncertain how intracellular calcium levels can be raised to sufficiently high levels to activate these enzymes. In pursuit of trying to identify other factors that influence PAD activity, we identified bicarbonate as a potential regulator of PAD activity. We demonstrate that physiological levels of bicarbonate upregulate citrullination by recombinant PAD2/4 and endogenous PADs in neutrophils. The impact of bicarbonate is independent of calcium and pH. Adding bicarbonate to commercial PAD activity kits could increase assay performance and biological relevance. These results suggest that citrullination activity is regulated by multiple factors including calcium and bicarbonate. We also provide commentary on the current understanding of PAD regulation and future perspective of research in this area. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Italy | 1 | 33% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 56 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 56 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 9 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 7 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 11% |
| Other | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 7 | 13% |
| Unknown | 17 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 25% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 20% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 7% |
| Chemistry | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 5 | 9% |
| Unknown | 16 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 February 2018.
All research outputs
#16,584,977
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#18,136
of 31,537 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#269,081
of 451,277 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#416
of 641 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,382,440 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 31,537 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 451,277 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 39th percentile – i.e., 39% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 641 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.