Brucella abortus
induces an inflammatory response that stimulates the endocrine system resulting in the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of the active disease in humans, and we have previously demonstrated thatB. abortusinfection inhibits osteoblast function. We aimed to evaluate the role of cortisol and DHEA on osteoblast duringB. abortusinfection.B. abortusinfection induces apoptosis and inhibits osteoblast function. DHEA treatment reversed the effect ofB. abortusinfection on osteoblast by increasing their proliferation, inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis, and reversing the inhibitory effect ofB. abortuson osteoblast differentiation and function. By contrast, cortisol increased the effect ofB. abortusinfection. Cortisol regulates target genes by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).B. abortusinfection inhibited GRα expression. Cell responses to cortisol not only depend on GR expression but also on its intracellular bioavailability, that is, dependent on the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type-1, 11β-HSD2 (which convert cortisone to cortisol andvice versa, respectively). Alterations in the expression of these isoenzymes in bone cells are associated with bone loss.B. abortusinfection increased 11β-HSD1 expression but had no effect on 11β-HSD2. DHEA reversed the inhibitory effect induced byB. abortusinfection on osteoblast matrix deposition in an estrogen receptor- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. We conclude that DHEA intervention improves osteoblast function duringB. abortusinfection making it a potential candidate to ameliorate the osteoarticular symptoms of brucellosis.