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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides—A Systematic Review of the Underlying Mechanisms
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, March 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00302 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Petra Zimmermann, Victoria C. Ziesenitz, Nigel Curtis, Nicole Ritz |
| Abstract |
The mechanisms underlying the non-antimicrobial immunomodulatory properties of macrolides are not well understood. To systematically review the evidence for the immunomodulatory properties of macrolides in humans and to describe the underlying mechanism and extent of their influence on the innate and adaptive immune system. A systematic literature search was done in MEDLINE using the OVID interface from 1946 to December 2016 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Original articles investigating the influence of four macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin) on immunological markers in humans were included. We identified 22 randomized, controlled trials, 16 prospective cohort studies, and 8 case-control studies investigating 47 different immunological markers (186 measurements) in 1,834 participants. The most frequently reported outcomes were a decrease in the number of neutrophils, and the concentrations of neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, eosinophilic cationic protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Inhibition of neutrophil function was reported more frequently than eosinophil function. A decrease in T helper (Th) 2 cells cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) was reported more frequently than a decrease in Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma). Macrolides influence a broad range of immunological mechanisms resulting in immunomodulatory effects. To optimize the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by macrolides, further studies are necessary, particularly comparing different macrolides and dose effect relationships. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 54 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 9% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 4 | 7% |
| Mexico | 3 | 6% |
| Peru | 2 | 4% |
| Costa Rica | 2 | 4% |
| Brazil | 2 | 4% |
| Ecuador | 2 | 4% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| Liberia | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 4 | 7% |
| Unknown | 28 | 52% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 47 | 87% |
| Scientists | 5 | 9% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 256 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 256 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 29 | 11% |
| Researcher | 29 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 29 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 26 | 10% |
| Other | 19 | 7% |
| Other | 46 | 18% |
| Unknown | 78 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 81 | 32% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 31 | 12% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 11% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 12 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 4% |
| Other | 17 | 7% |
| Unknown | 79 | 31% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 55. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 October 2023.
All research outputs
#786,614
of 25,658,139 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in immunology
#691
of 32,130 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#17,813
of 352,663 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in immunology
#13
of 702 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,658,139 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 96th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 32,130 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 352,663 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 702 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.