Title |
Betaine in Inflammation: Mechanistic Aspects and Applications
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, May 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01070 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Guangfu Zhao, Fang He, Chenlu Wu, Pan Li, Nengzhang Li, Jinping Deng, Guoqiang Zhu, Wenkai Ren, Yuanyi Peng |
Abstract |
Betaine is known as trimethylglycine and is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is known to function physiologically as an important osmoprotectant and methyl group donor. Accumulating evidence has shown that betaine has anti-inflammatory functions in numerous diseases. Mechanistically, betaine ameliorates sulfur amino acid metabolism against oxidative stress, inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, regulates energy metabolism, and mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Consequently, betaine has beneficial actions in several human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 7% |
Japan | 1 | 7% |
Italy | 1 | 7% |
Mexico | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 10 | 71% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 86% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 236 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 31 | 13% |
Student > Master | 27 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 10% |
Researcher | 14 | 6% |
Other | 10 | 4% |
Other | 33 | 14% |
Unknown | 98 | 42% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 49 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 19 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 6% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 9 | 4% |
Neuroscience | 6 | 3% |
Other | 33 | 14% |
Unknown | 107 | 45% |