Title |
CAR T Cells in Solid Tumors: Blueprints for Building Effective Therapies
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, July 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01740 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hannah M. Knochelmann, Aubrey S. Smith, Connor J. Dwyer, Megan M. Wyatt, Shikhar Mehrotra, Chrystal M. Paulos |
Abstract |
Genetic redirection of T lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has soared from treating cancers preclinically to FDA approval for hematologic malignancies and commercial-grade production scale in under 30 years. To date, solid tumors are less susceptible to CAR therapies and instead have been treated more successfully with immune checkpoint blockade or tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy. Here, we discuss the current challenges in treating solid tumors with CAR T cells, and the obstacles within the host and tumor microenvironment hindering their efficacy. We present a novel three-pronged approach for enhancing the efficacy of CAR T cells whereby a single infusion product can synergize the power of an optimal CAR construct, a highly potent T cell subset, and rejuvenate the endogenous immune response to conquer therapeutically-resistant solid tumors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 16 | 26% |
Spain | 5 | 8% |
Mexico | 3 | 5% |
Japan | 2 | 3% |
Switzerland | 2 | 3% |
France | 2 | 3% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 3% |
Georgia | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Other | 8 | 13% |
Unknown | 20 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 44 | 71% |
Scientists | 13 | 21% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 260 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 45 | 17% |
Researcher | 42 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 31 | 12% |
Student > Master | 22 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 15 | 6% |
Other | 30 | 12% |
Unknown | 75 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 47 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 34 | 13% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 28 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 11 | 4% |
Other | 31 | 12% |
Unknown | 85 | 33% |