Title |
Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Medicine, April 2018
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmed.2018.00121 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Eugenio D. Hottz, Fernando A. Bozza, Patrícia T. Bozza |
Abstract |
Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation, platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Activated platelets have key thromboinflammatory functions linking coagulation to immune responses in various infections, including in response to virus. Recent studies have revealed that platelets exhibit several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including those from the toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor family and are first-line sentinels in detecting and responding to pathogens in the vasculature. Here, we review the main mechanisms of platelets interaction with viruses, including their ability to sustain viral infection and replication, their expression of specialized PRR, and activation of thromboinflammatory responses against viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of platelet-derived mediators and platelet interaction with vascular and immune cells in protective and pathophysiologic responses to dengue, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infections. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 14 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 7% |
India | 2 | 4% |
Switzerland | 2 | 4% |
Canada | 1 | 2% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
Curaçao | 1 | 2% |
Poland | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 31 | 54% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 45 | 79% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 14% |
Scientists | 3 | 5% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 197 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 25 | 13% |
Researcher | 21 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 20 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 7% |
Other | 33 | 17% |
Unknown | 65 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 46 | 23% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 27 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 2% |
Other | 14 | 7% |
Unknown | 72 | 37% |