Title |
Sun Exposure and Melanoma, Certainties and Weaknesses of the Present Knowledge
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Medicine, August 2018
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DOI | 10.3389/fmed.2018.00235 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mariachiara Arisi, Cristina Zane, Simone Caravello, Chiara Rovati, Arianna Zanca, Marina Venturini, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton |
Abstract |
Sun exposure is the main risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). However, the UV-related pathogenetic mechanisms leading to CMM are far to be fully elucidated. In this paper we will focus on what we still don't fully know about the relationship between UVR and CMM. In particular, we will discuss: the action spectrum of human CMM, how different modalities of exposure (continuous/ intermittent; erythemal/ suberythemal) relate to different CMM variants, the preferential UVR induced DNA mutations observed in different CMM variants, the role of UV-related and UV-unrelated genetic damages in the same melanoma cells. Moreover, we will debate the importance of UVA induced oxidative and anaerobic damages to DNA and other cell structures and the role of melanins, of modulation of innate and acquired immunity, of vitamin D and of chronic exposure to phototoxic drugs and other xenobiotics. A better understanding of these issues will help developing more effective preventative strategies and new therapeutic approaches. |
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Malaysia | 1 | 7% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 7% |
Argentina | 1 | 7% |
United States | 1 | 7% |
Georgia | 1 | 7% |
Switzerland | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 7 | 47% |
Demographic breakdown
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Scientists | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 10% |
Other | 5 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 8% |
Researcher | 5 | 8% |
Other | 11 | 19% |
Unknown | 19 | 32% |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 2% |
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 23 | 39% |