Title |
Exploring the risks of phage application in the environment
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, January 2013
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00358 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sean Meaden, Britt Koskella |
Abstract |
Interest in using bacteriophages to control the growth and spread of bacterial pathogens is being revived in the wake of widespread antibiotic resistance. However, little is known about the ecological effects that high concentrations of phages in the environment might have on natural microbial communities. We review the current evidence suggesting phage-mediated environmental perturbation, with a focus on agricultural examples, and describe the potential implications for human health and agriculture. Specifically, we examine the known and potential consequences of phage application in certain agricultural practices, discuss the risks of evolved bacterial resistance to phages, and question whether the future of phage therapy will emulate that of antibiotic treatment in terms of widespread resistance. Finally, we propose some basic precautions that could preclude such phenomena and highlight existing methods for tracking bacterial resistance to phage therapeutic agents. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 30% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 13% |
Canada | 2 | 9% |
Australia | 1 | 4% |
Switzerland | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 9 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 13 | 57% |
Members of the public | 9 | 39% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 1% |
Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Nepal | 1 | <1% |
Israel | 1 | <1% |
Estonia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 221 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 45 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 37 | 16% |
Researcher | 34 | 14% |
Student > Master | 30 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 13 | 6% |
Other | 36 | 15% |
Unknown | 40 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 93 | 40% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 34 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 21 | 9% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 4% |
Environmental Science | 8 | 3% |
Other | 22 | 9% |
Unknown | 48 | 20% |