Title |
From lifetime to evolution: timescales of human gut microbiota adaptation
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Microbiology, November 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00587 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sara Quercia, Marco Candela, Cristina Giuliani, Silvia Turroni, Donata Luiselli, Simone Rampelli, Patrizia Brigidi, Claudio Franceschi, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Paolo Garagnani, Chiara Pirazzini |
Abstract |
Human beings harbor gut microbial communities that are essential to preserve human health. Molded by the human genome, the gut microbiota (GM) is an adaptive component of the human superorganisms that allows host adaptation at different timescales, optimizing host physiology from daily life to lifespan scales and human evolutionary history. The GM continuously changes from birth up to the most extreme limits of human life, reconfiguring its metagenomic layout in response to daily variations in diet or specific host physiological and immunological needs at different ages. On the other hand, the microbiota plasticity was strategic to face changes in lifestyle and dietary habits along the course of the recent evolutionary history, that has driven the passage from Paleolithic hunter-gathering societies to Neolithic agricultural farmers to modern Westernized societies. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 13% |
Switzerland | 2 | 6% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 6% |
France | 1 | 3% |
Netherlands | 1 | 3% |
Belgium | 1 | 3% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Hungary | 1 | 3% |
Norway | 1 | 3% |
Other | 5 | 16% |
Unknown | 12 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 14 | 45% |
Scientists | 11 | 35% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 19% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
India | 2 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 245 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 22% |
Researcher | 53 | 21% |
Student > Master | 33 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 28 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 7% |
Other | 35 | 14% |
Unknown | 28 | 11% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 81 | 33% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 38 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 24 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 18 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 8 | 3% |
Other | 43 | 17% |
Unknown | 37 | 15% |