Title |
Impact of age-related neuroglial cell responses on hippocampal deterioration
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Published in |
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, April 2015
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DOI | 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00057 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Joseph O. Ojo, Payam Rezaie, Paul L. Gabbott, Michael G. Stewart |
Abstract |
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for the development of sporadic age-related neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation is a common feature of this disease phenotype. In the immunoprivileged brain, neuroglial cells, which mediate neuroinflammatory responses, are influenced by the physiological factors in the microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). These physiological factors include but are not limited to cell-to-cell communication involving cell adhesion molecules, neuronal electrical activity and neurotransmitter and neuromodulator action. However, despite this dynamic control of neuroglial activity, in the healthy aged brain there is an alteration in the underlying neuroinflammatory response notably seen in the hippocampus, typified by astrocyte/microglia activation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and signaling. These changes may occur without any overt concurrent pathology, however, they typically correlate with deteriorations in hippocamapal or cognitive function. In this review we examine two important phenomenons, firstly the relationship between age-related brain deterioration (focusing on hippocampal function) and underlying neuroglial response(s), and secondly how the latter affects molecular and cellular processes within the hippocampus that makes it vulnerable to age-related cognitive decline. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 2% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Greece | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 113 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 22 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 16% |
Student > Master | 14 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 8% |
Other | 23 | 19% |
Unknown | 22 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 26 | 22% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 3% |
Other | 18 | 15% |
Unknown | 30 | 25% |