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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
The Effects of Excitatory and Inhibitory Social Cues on Cocaine-Seeking Behavior
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, November 2016
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00217 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Mark A. Smith, Huailin Zhang, Andrea M. Robinson |
| Abstract |
Social partners influence the likelihood of using drugs, developing a substance use disorder and relapse to drug use after a period of abstinence. Preclinical studies report that social cues influence the acquisition of cocaine use, the escalation of cocaine use over time, and the compulsive patterns of cocaine use that emerge during an extended binge. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social cues on the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior after a period of abstinence. Male rats were obtained at weaning, assigned to triads (three rats/cage), reared to adulthood and implanted with intravenous catheters. Rats from each triad were then assigned to one of three conditions: (1) test rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and were tested for reinstatement; (2) cocaine partners were trained to self-administer cocaine and were predictive of response-contingent cocaine delivery; and (3) abstinent partners were not given access to cocaine and were predictive of extinction. The test rats alternated social partners every 5 days for 20 days such that responding was reinforced with cocaine in the presence of the cocaine partner (S(+)) for 10 days and not reinforced with cocaine in the presence of the abstinent partner (S(-)) for 10 days. Responding of the test rats was then extinguished over 7 days under isolated conditions. Tests of reinstatement were then conducted in the presence of the cocaine partner and abstinent partner under extinction conditions. Neither social partner reinstated responding relative to that observed on the final day of extinction; however, responding was greater in the presence of the cocaine partner (S(+)) than the abstinent partner (S(-)) during the reinstatement test. These data fail to demonstrate that a social partner reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior after a period of abstinence, but they do indicate that social partners can serve as either excitatory or inhibitory discriminative stimuli to influence drug-seeking responses. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 7 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 57% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
| Unknown | 2 | 29% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 7 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 16 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 16 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 19% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 2 | 13% |
| Professor | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 13% |
| Unknown | 5 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 6 | 38% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 13% |
| Neuroscience | 2 | 13% |
| Social Sciences | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 5 | 31% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 November 2016.
All research outputs
#13,487,741
of 22,901,818 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
#1,632
of 3,190 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#165,348
of 313,012 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
#36
of 60 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,901,818 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 39th percentile – i.e., 39% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,190 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 11.3. This one is in the 46th percentile – i.e., 46% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 313,012 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 60 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.