Title |
Genetics studies indicate that neural induction and early neuronal maturation are disturbed in autism
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Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, November 2014
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DOI | 10.3389/fncel.2014.00397 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Emily L. Casanova, Manuel F. Casanova |
Abstract |
Postmortem neuropathological studies of autism consistently reveal distinctive types of malformations, including cortical dysplasias, heterotopias, and various neuronomorphometric abnormalities. In keeping with these observations, we review here that 88% of high-risk genes for autism influence neural induction and early maturation of the neuroblast. In addition, 80% of these same genes influence later stages of differentiation, including neurite and synapse development, suggesting that these gene products exhibit long-lasting developmental effects on cell development as well as elements of redundancy in processes of neural proliferation, growth, and maturation. We also address the putative genetic overlap of autism with conditions like epilepsy and schizophrenia, with implications to shared and divergent etiologies. This review imports the necessity of a frameshift in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental basis of autism to include all stages of neuronal maturation, ranging from neural induction to synaptogenesis. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 15% |
Ireland | 2 | 15% |
Spain | 1 | 8% |
South Africa | 1 | 8% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 6 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 77% |
Scientists | 2 | 15% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 90 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 17 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 15% |
Student > Master | 11 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 11% |
Other | 6 | 7% |
Other | 15 | 16% |
Unknown | 19 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 19 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 15 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 11% |
Psychology | 5 | 5% |
Other | 12 | 13% |
Unknown | 21 | 23% |