Cell-type-specific tuning of Cav1.3 Ca2+-channels by a C-terminal automodulatory domain

Anja Scharinger, Stephanie Eckrich, David H. Vandael, Kai Schönig, Alexandra Koschak, Dietmar Hecker, Gurjot Kaur, Amy Lee, Anupam Sah, Dusan Bartsch, Bruno Benedetti, Andreas Lieb, Bernhard Schick, Nicolas Singewald, Martina J. Sinnegger-Brauns, Emilio Carbone, Jutta Engel, Jörg Striessnig

Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+)-channel function is regulated by a C-terminal automodulatory domain (CTM). It affects channel binding of calmodulin and thereby tunes channel activity by interfering with Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent gating. Alternative splicing generates short C-terminal channel variants lacking the CTM resulting in enhanced Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation and stronger voltage-sensitivity upon heterologous expression. However, the role of this modulatory domain for channel function in its native environment is unkown. To determine its functional significance in vivo, we interrupted the CTM with a hemagglutinin tag in mutant mice (Cav1.3DCRD(HA/HA)). Using these mice we provide biochemical evidence for the existence of long (CTM-containing) and short (CTM-deficient) Cav1.3 α1-subunits in brain. The long (HA-labeled) Cav1.3 isoform was present in all ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells. CTM-elimination impaired Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of Ca(2+)-currents in hair cells but increased it in chromaffin cells, resulting in hyperpolarized resting potentials and reduced pacemaking. CTM disruption did not affect hearing thresholds. We show that the modulatory function of the CTM is affected by its native environment in different cells and thus occurs in a cell-type specific manner in vivo. It stabilizes gating properties of Cav1.3 channels required for normal electrical excitability.