Title |
Amyloid-β Plaques in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Incorporate Stable Isotope Tracer In Vivo and Exhibit Nanoscale Heterogeneity
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Published in |
Frontiers in Neurology, March 2018
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DOI | 10.3389/fneur.2018.00169 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Norelle C. Wildburger, Frank Gyngard, Christelle Guillermier, Bruce W. Patterson, Donald Elbert, Kwasi G. Mawuenyega, Theresa Schneider, Karen Green, Robyn Roth, Robert E. Schmidt, Nigel J. Cairns, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Matthew L. Steinhauser, Randall J. Bateman |
Abstract |
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with clinical manifestations of progressive memory decline and loss of executive function and language. AD affects an estimated 5.3 million Americans alone and is the most common form of age-related dementia with a rapidly growing prevalence among the aging population-those 65 years of age or older. AD is characterized by accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain, which leads to one of the pathological hallmarks of AD-Aβ plaques. As a result, Aβ plaques have been extensively studied after being first described over a century ago. Advances in brain imaging and quantitative measures of Aβ in biological fluids have yielded insight into the time course of plaque development decades before and after AD symptom onset. However, despite the fundamental role of Aβ plaques in AD, in vivo measures of individual plaque growth, growth distribution, and dynamics are still lacking. To address this question, we combined stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging in an approach termed SILK-SIMS to resolve plaque dynamics in three human AD brains. In human AD brain, plaques exhibit incorporation of a stable isotope tracer. Tracer enrichment was highly variable between plaques and the spatial distribution asymmetric with both quiescent and active nanometer sub-regions of tracer incorporation. These data reveal that Aβ plaques are dynamic structures with deposition rates over days indicating a highly active process. Here, we report the first, direct quantitative measures of in vivo deposition into plaques in human AD brain. Our SILK-SIMS studies will provide invaluable information on plaque dynamics in the normal and diseased brain and offer many new avenues for investigation into pathological mechanisms of the disease, with implications for therapeutic development. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 70 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 14% |
Researcher | 9 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 6% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Other | 16 | 23% |
Unknown | 22 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Neuroscience | 10 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 11% |
Psychology | 6 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 9% |
Other | 10 | 14% |
Unknown | 24 | 34% |