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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Extrasynaptic Neurotransmission Mediated by Exocytosis and Diffusive Release of Transmitter Substances
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, June 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00013 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Elaine Del-Bel, Francisco F. De-Miguel |
| Abstract |
This review article deals with the mechanisms of extrasynaptic release of transmitter substances, namely the release from the soma, axon and dendrites in the absence of postsynaptic counterparts. Extrasynaptic release occurs by exocytosis or diffusion. Spillover from the synaptic cleft also contributes to extrasynaptic neurotransmission. Here, we first describe two well-known examples of exocytosis from the neuronal soma, which may release copious amounts of transmitter for up to hundreds of seconds after electrical stimulation. The mechanisms for somatic exocytosis of the low molecular weight transmitter serotonin, and the peptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been studied in detail. Serotonin release from leech neurons and oxytocin and vasopressin from rodent neurons have a common multi-step mechanism, which is completely different from that for exocytosis from presynaptic endings. Most transmitters and peptides released extrasynaptically seem to follow this same mechanism. Extrasynaptic exocytosis may occur onto glial cells, which act as intermediaries for long-term and long-distance transmission. The second part of this review article focuses on the release upon synthesis of the representative diffusible molecules nitric oxide (NO) and endocannabinoids. Diffusible molecules are synthesized "on demand" from postsynaptic terminals in response to electrical activity and intracellular calcium elevations. Their effects include the retrograde modulation of presynaptic electrical activity and transmitter release. Extrasynaptic neurotransmission is well exemplified in the retina. Light-evoked extrasynaptic communication sets the gain for visual responses and integrates the activity of neurons, glia and blood vessels. Understanding how extrasynaptic communication changes the function of hard-wired circuits has become fundamental to understand the function of the nervous system. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 10 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 2 | 20% |
| Mexico | 1 | 10% |
| Colombia | 1 | 10% |
| Canada | 1 | 10% |
| United States | 1 | 10% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 3 | 30% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 6 | 60% |
| Scientists | 4 | 40% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 49 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 49 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 7 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 10% |
| Other | 5 | 10% |
| Professor | 4 | 8% |
| Other | 11 | 22% |
| Unknown | 10 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 11 | 22% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 16% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 10% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 9 | 18% |
| Unknown | 13 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 6. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 June 2018.
All research outputs
#6,460,839
of 25,375,376 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
#114
of 441 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#102,121
of 336,181 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
#6
of 17 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,375,376 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 74th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 441 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 336,181 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 69% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 17 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 70% of its contemporaries.