Title |
Dying cell clearance and its impact on the outcome of tumor radiotherapy
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in oncology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.3389/fonc.2012.00116 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kirsten Lauber, Anne Ernst, Michael Orth, Martin Herrmann, Claus Belka |
Abstract |
The induction of tumor cell death is one of the major goals of radiotherapy and has been considered to be the central determinant of its therapeutic outcome for a long time. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the success of radiotherapy does not only derive from direct cytotoxic effects on the tumor cells alone, but instead might also depend - at least in part - on innate as well as adaptive immune responses, which can particularly target tumor cells that survive local irradiation. The clearance of dying tumor cells by phagocytic cells of the innate immune system represents a crucial step in this scenario. Dendritic cells and macrophages, which engulf, process and present dying tumor cell material to adaptive immune cells, can trigger, skew, or inhibit adaptive immune responses, respectively. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of different forms of cell death induced by ionizing radiation, the multi-step process of dying cell clearance, and its immunological consequences with special regard toward the potential exploitation of these mechanisms for the improvement of tumor radiotherapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Switzerland | 1 | 33% |
Central African Republic | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Poland | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 184 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 42 | 22% |
Student > Master | 32 | 17% |
Researcher | 31 | 16% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 16 | 8% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 13 | 7% |
Other | 33 | 17% |
Unknown | 24 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 55 | 29% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 36 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 32 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 19 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 3% |
Other | 16 | 8% |
Unknown | 27 | 14% |