Title |
Combination Approaches with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in oncology, November 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fonc.2016.00233 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Maarten Swart, Inge Verbrugge, Joost B. Beltman |
Abstract |
In healthy individuals, immune-checkpoint molecules prevent autoimmune responses and limit immune cell-mediated tissue damage. Tumors frequently exploit these molecules to evade eradication by the immune system. Over the past years, immune-checkpoint blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programed death-1 emerged as promising strategies to activate antitumor cytotoxic T cell responses. Although complete regression and long-term survival is achieved in some patients, not all patients respond. This review describes promising, novel combination approaches involving immune-checkpoint blockade in the context of the cancer-immunity cycle, aimed at increasing response rates to the single treatments. Specifically, we discuss combinations that promote antigen release and presentation, that further amplify T cell activation, that inhibit trafficking of regulatory T cells or MSDCs, that stimulate intratumoral T cell infiltration, that increase cancer recognition by T cells, and that stimulate tumor killing. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 50% |
Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 209 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 39 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 35 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 16% |
Student > Master | 28 | 13% |
Other | 15 | 7% |
Other | 35 | 17% |
Unknown | 27 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 56 | 26% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 33 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 20 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 11 | 5% |
Other | 22 | 10% |
Unknown | 39 | 18% |