Cardiorespiratory Monitoring during Neonatal Resuscitation for Direct Feedback and Audit

Jeroen J. van Vonderen, Henriëtte A. van Zanten, Kim Schilleman, Stuart B. Hooper, Marcus J. Kitchen, Ruben S. G. M. Witlox, Arjan B. te Pas

Neonatal resuscitation is one of the most frequently performed procedures, and it is often successful if the ventilation applied is adequate. Over the last decade, interest in seeking objectivity in evaluating the infant's condition at birth or the adequacy and effect of the interventions applied has markedly increased. Clinical parameters such as heart rate, color, and chest excursions are difficult to interpret and can be very subjective and subtle. The use of ECG, pulse oximetry, capnography, and respiratory function monitoring can add objectivity to the clinical assessment. These physiological parameters, with or without the combination of video recordings, can not only be used directly to guide care but also be used later for audit and teaching purposes. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this will improve the quality of delivery room management. In this narrative review, we will give an update of the current developments in monitoring neonatal resuscitation.