Title |
Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Pediatrics, February 2020
|
DOI | 10.3389/fped.2020.00073 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Dean Huggard, Derek G. Doherty, Eleanor J. Molloy |
Abstract |
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with immune defects. The extent of immune dysregulation in DS is substantial, spanning the innate and adaptive systems and including anomalies in: T and B cells, monocytes, neutrophil chemotaxis, circulating cytokines, and suboptimal antibody responses which all contribute to an increased risk of infections, poorer clinical outcomes and chronic inflammation in this vulnerable cohort. Other aspects of innate immunity may also be abnormal and contribute to the increased morbidity and warrant further interrogation such as: gamma delta T cell function, the inflammasome, Toll-like receptors and their pathways. Pharmacotherapies such as pavilizumab, pneumococcal and influenza immunizations, as well as potential immunoprophylactic agents such as pidotimod, azithromycin and Broncho-Vaxom may help alleviate the infectious consequences. Children with DS need to be managed with a heightened sense of awareness and urgency in the setting of sepsis and signs of chronic inflammation need regular screening and appropriate follow up. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 12% |
Mexico | 2 | 12% |
Australia | 1 | 6% |
Israel | 1 | 6% |
Ireland | 1 | 6% |
Switzerland | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 9 | 53% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 16 | 94% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 142 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 20 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 11% |
Other | 11 | 8% |
Researcher | 10 | 7% |
Student > Master | 10 | 7% |
Other | 20 | 14% |
Unknown | 56 | 39% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 32 | 23% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 10 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 4% |
Other | 18 | 13% |
Unknown | 61 | 43% |