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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Spheroid Size Does not Impact Metabolism of the β-blocker Propranolol in 3D Intestinal Fish Model
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Pharmacology, August 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fphar.2018.00947 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Laura M. Langan, Stewart F. Owen, Maciej Trznadel, Nicholas J. F. Dodd, Simon K. Jackson, Wendy M. Purcell, Awadhesh N. Jha |
| Abstract |
Compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, cellular aggregates or spheroids (3D) offer a more appropriate alternative in vitro system where individual cell-cell communication and micro-environment more closely represent the in vivo organ; yet we understand little of the physiological conditions at this scale. The relationship between spheroid size and oxygen microenvironment, an important factor influencing the metabolic capacity of cells, was first established using the fish intestine derived RTgutGC cell line. Subsequently, pharmaceutical metabolism (Propranolol), as determined by high performance liquid chromatography, in this intestinal model was examined as a function of spheroid size. Co-efficient of variation between spheroid size was below 12% using the gyratory platform method, with the least variation observed in the highest cell seeding density. The viable, high oxygen micro-environment of the outer rim of the spheroid, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, decreased over time, and the hypoxic zone increased as a function of spheroid size. Despite a trend of higher metabolism in smaller spheroids, the formation of micro-environments (quiescent, hypoxic or anoxic) did not significantly affect metabolism or function of an environmentally relevant pharmaceutical in this spheroid model. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 6 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 33% |
| Italy | 1 | 17% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 67% |
| Scientists | 2 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 28 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 28 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 8 | 29% |
| Researcher | 4 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 11% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 4 | 14% |
| Unknown | 4 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 21% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 18% |
| Environmental Science | 2 | 7% |
| Engineering | 2 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 5 | 18% |
| Unknown | 6 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 September 2018.
All research outputs
#13,229,909
of 23,316,003 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Pharmacology
#3,766
of 16,764 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#160,541
of 334,625 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Pharmacology
#89
of 391 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,316,003 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 16,764 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.1. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 334,625 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 51% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 391 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its contemporaries.