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Pitfalls in Fractal Time Series Analysis: fMRI BOLD as an Exemplary Case

Overview of attention for article published in Frontiers in Physiology, January 2012
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Title
Pitfalls in Fractal Time Series Analysis: fMRI BOLD as an Exemplary Case
Published in
Frontiers in Physiology, January 2012
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2012.00417
Pubmed ID
Authors

Andras Eke, Peter Herman, Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Fahmeed Hyder, Peter Mukli, Zoltan Nagy

Abstract

This article will be positioned on our previous work demonstrating the importance of adhering to a carefully selected set of criteria when choosing the suitable method from those available ensuring its adequate performance when applied to real temporal signals, such as fMRI BOLD, to evaluate one important facet of their behavior, fractality. Earlier, we have reviewed on a range of monofractal tools and evaluated their performance. Given the advance in the fractal field, in this article we will discuss the most widely used implementations of multifractal analyses, too. Our recommended flowchart for the fractal characterization of spontaneous, low frequency fluctuations in fMRI BOLD will be used as the framework for this article to make certain that it will provide a hands-on experience for the reader in handling the perplexed issues of fractal analysis. The reason why this particular signal modality and its fractal analysis has been chosen was due to its high impact on today's neuroscience given it had powerfully emerged as a new way of interpreting the complex functioning of the brain (see "intrinsic activity"). The reader will first be presented with the basic concepts of mono and multifractal time series analyses, followed by some of the most relevant implementations, characterization by numerical approaches. The notion of the dichotomy of fractional Gaussian noise and fractional Brownian motion signal classes and their impact on fractal time series analyses will be thoroughly discussed as the central theme of our application strategy. Sources of pitfalls and way how to avoid them will be identified followed by a demonstration on fractal studies of fMRI BOLD taken from the literature and that of our own in an attempt to consolidate the best practice in fractal analysis of empirical fMRI BOLD signals mapped throughout the brain as an exemplary case of potentially wide interest.

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The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 80 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Netherlands 1 1%
France 1 1%
Austria 1 1%
Finland 1 1%
India 1 1%
Canada 1 1%
United States 1 1%
Unknown 73 91%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 24 30%
Researcher 13 16%
Student > Master 11 14%
Professor > Associate Professor 7 9%
Student > Doctoral Student 6 8%
Other 16 20%
Unknown 3 4%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Psychology 12 15%
Engineering 12 15%
Neuroscience 10 13%
Medicine and Dentistry 10 13%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6 8%
Other 23 29%
Unknown 7 9%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 15 November 2012.
All research outputs
#20,172,971
of 22,685,926 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Physiology
#9,278
of 13,474 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#221,211
of 244,123 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Physiology
#208
of 309 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,685,926 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 13,474 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.5. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 309 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.