You are seeing a free-to-access but limited selection of the activity Altmetric has collected about this research output.
Click here to find out more.
X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Caffeine and Bicarbonate for Speed. A Meta-Analysis of Legal Supplements Potential for Improving Intense Endurance Exercise Performance
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Physiology, May 2017
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fphys.2017.00240 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Peter M. Christensen, Yusuke Shirai, Christian Ritz, Nikolai B. Nordsborg |
| Abstract |
A 1% change in average speed is enough to affect medal rankings in intense Olympic endurance events lasting ~45 s to 8 min which for example includes 100 m swimming and 400 m running (~1 min), 1,500 m running and 4000 m track cycling (~4 min) and 2,000 m rowing (~6-8 min). To maximize the likelihood of winning, athletes utilizes legal supplements with or without scientifically documented beneficial effects on performance. Therefore, a continued systematic evidence based evaluation of the possible ergogenic effects is of high importance. A meta-analysis was conducted with a strict focus on closed-end performance tests in humans in the time domain from 45 s to 8 min. These test include time-trials or total work done in a given time. This selection criterion results in a high relevance for athletic performance. Only peer-reviewed placebo controlled studies were included. The often applied and potentially ergogenic supplements beta-alanine, bicarbonate, caffeine and nitrate were selected for analysis. Following a systematic search in Pubmed and SportsDiscuss combined with evaluation of cross references a total of 7 (beta-alanine), 25 (bicarbonate), 9 (caffeine), and 5 (nitrate) studies was included in the meta-analysis. For each study, performance was converted to an average speed (km/h) from which an effect size (ES; Cohens d with 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. A small effect and significant performance improvement relative to placebo was observed for caffeine (ES: 0.41 [0.15-0.68], P = 0.002) and bicarbonate (ES: 0.40 [0.27-0.54], P < 0.001). Trivial and non-significant effects on performance was observed for nitrate (ES: 0.19 [-0.03-0.40], P = 0.09) and beta-alanine (ES: 0.17 [-0.12-0.46], P = 0.24). Thus, caffeine's and bicarbonate's ergogenic effect is clearly documented for intense endurance performance. Importantly, for all supplements an individualized approach may improve the ergogenic effect on performance. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 156 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20 | 13% |
| United States | 16 | 10% |
| Spain | 12 | 8% |
| Australia | 9 | 6% |
| South Africa | 5 | 3% |
| Chile | 4 | 3% |
| Netherlands | 3 | 2% |
| Brazil | 3 | 2% |
| Canada | 3 | 2% |
| Other | 26 | 17% |
| Unknown | 55 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 89 | 57% |
| Scientists | 37 | 24% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 29 | 19% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 329 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Ireland | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 327 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 67 | 20% |
| Student > Bachelor | 62 | 19% |
| Other | 22 | 7% |
| Researcher | 22 | 7% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 7% |
| Other | 56 | 17% |
| Unknown | 78 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 119 | 36% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 35 | 11% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 29 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 5% |
| Other | 27 | 8% |
| Unknown | 81 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 118. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 January 2024.
All research outputs
#359,981
of 25,670,640 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Physiology
#203
of 15,713 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#7,410
of 325,966 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Physiology
#14
of 255 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,670,640 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 15,713 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 325,966 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 255 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.