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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
The Physiological Mechanisms of the Sex-Based Difference in Outcomes of COVID19 Infection
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Physiology, February 2021
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fphys.2021.627260 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Susan Wray, Sarah Arrowsmith |
| Abstract |
The scale of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has thrust a spotlight on the sex-based differences in response to viral diseases; morbidity and mortality are greater in men than women. We outline the mechanisms by which being female offers a degree of protection from COVID19, that persists even when confounders such as comorbidities are considered. The physiological and immunological mechanisms are fascinating and range from incomplete X chromosome inactivation of immune genes, a crucial role for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and regulation of both immune activity and ACE2 by sex steroids. From this flows understanding of why lung and other organs are more susceptible to COVID19 damage in men, and how their distinct immunological landscapes need to be acknowledged to guide prognosis and treatment. Pregnancy, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy bring changed hormonal environments and the need for better stratification in COVID19 studies. We end by noting clinical trials based on increasing estrogens or progesterone or anti-testosterone drugs; excellent examples of translational physiology. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 7 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 29% |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | 14% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
| Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 57% |
| Scientists | 2 | 29% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 110 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 110 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 12 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 11 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 6% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 19 | 17% |
| Unknown | 49 | 45% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 17% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 4% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 3% |
| Other | 16 | 15% |
| Unknown | 52 | 47% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 June 2021.
All research outputs
#7,724,567
of 25,401,381 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Physiology
#3,638
of 15,641 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#188,663
of 536,583 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Physiology
#140
of 472 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,401,381 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 69th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 15,641 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.1. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 536,583 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 64% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 472 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 70% of its contemporaries.