Title |
Keep focussing: striatal dopamine multiple functions resolved in a single mechanism tested in a simulated humanoid robot
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychology, January 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00124 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Vincenzo G. Fiore, Valerio Sperati, Francesco Mannella, Marco Mirolli, Kevin Gurney, Karl Friston, Raymond J. Dolan, Gianluca Baldassarre |
Abstract |
The effects of striatal dopamine (DA) on behavior have been widely investigated over the past decades, with "phasic" burst firings considered as the key expression of a reward prediction error responsible for reinforcement learning. Less well studied is "tonic" DA, where putative functions include the idea that it is a regulator of vigor, incentive salience, disposition to exert an effort and a modulator of approach strategies. We present a model combining tonic and phasic DA to show how different outflows triggered by either intrinsically or extrinsically motivating stimuli dynamically affect the basal ganglia by impacting on a selection process this system performs on its cortical input. The model, which has been tested on the simulated humanoid robot iCub interacting with a mechatronic board, shows the putative functions ascribed to DA emerging from the combination of a standard computational mechanism coupled to a differential sensitivity to the presence of DA across the striatum. |
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