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Eliciting mixed emotions: a meta-analysis comparing models, types, and measures

Overview of attention for article published in Frontiers in Psychology, April 2015
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  • In the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (97th percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (94th percentile)

Mentioned by

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6 news outlets
blogs
2 blogs
twitter
8 X users

Citations

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126 Dimensions

Readers on

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250 Mendeley
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Title
Eliciting mixed emotions: a meta-analysis comparing models, types, and measures
Published in
Frontiers in Psychology, April 2015
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00428
Pubmed ID
Authors

Raul Berrios, Peter Totterdell, Stephen Kellett

Abstract

The idea that people can experience two oppositely valenced emotions has been controversial ever since early attempts to investigate the construct of mixed emotions. This meta-analysis examined the robustness with which mixed emotions have been elicited experimentally. A systematic literature search identified 63 experimental studies that instigated the experience of mixed emotions. Studies were distinguished according to the structure of the underlying affect model-dimensional or discrete-as well as according to the type of mixed emotions studied (e.g., happy-sad, fearful-happy, positive-negative). The meta-analysis using a random-effects model revealed a moderate to high effect size for the elicitation of mixed emotions (d IG+ = 0.77), which remained consistent regardless of the structure of the affect model, and across different types of mixed emotions. Several methodological and design moderators were tested. Studies using the minimum index (i.e., the minimum value between a pair of opposite valenced affects) resulted in smaller effect sizes, whereas subjective measures of mixed emotions increased the effect sizes. The presence of more women in the samples was also associated with larger effect sizes. The current study indicates that mixed emotions are a robust, measurable and non-artifactual experience. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for an affect system that has greater versatility and flexibility than previously thought.

X Demographics

X Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 8 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 250 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 2 <1%
Switzerland 1 <1%
United Kingdom 1 <1%
Sweden 1 <1%
Japan 1 <1%
Egypt 1 <1%
Unknown 243 97%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 62 25%
Student > Master 41 16%
Researcher 32 13%
Student > Bachelor 22 9%
Student > Doctoral Student 19 8%
Other 32 13%
Unknown 42 17%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Psychology 96 38%
Computer Science 23 9%
Social Sciences 19 8%
Business, Management and Accounting 18 7%
Neuroscience 9 4%
Other 32 13%
Unknown 53 21%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 65. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 10 March 2023.
All research outputs
#632,167
of 24,820,264 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Psychology
#1,283
of 33,480 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#7,673
of 269,168 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Psychology
#25
of 469 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,820,264 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 97th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 33,480 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 13.0. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 269,168 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 469 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.