Title |
Controlling the message: preschoolers’ use of information to teach and deceive others
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychology, June 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00867 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marjorie Rhodes, Elizabeth Bonawitz, Patrick Shafto, Annie Chen, Leyla Caglar |
Abstract |
Effective communication entails the strategic presentation of information; good communicators present representative information to their listeners-information that is both consistent with the concept being communicated and also unlikely to support another concept a listener might consider. The present study examined whether preschool-age children effectively select information to manipulate others' semantic knowledge, by testing how children choose information to teach or deceive their listeners. Results indicate that preschoolers indeed effectively select information to meet some specific communicative goals. When asked to teach others, children selected information that effectively spanned the concept of interest and avoided overly restrictive or overly general information; when asked to deceive others, they selected information consistent with the intended deceptive messages under some circumstances. Thus, preschool children possess remarkable abilities to select the best information to manipulate what others believe. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Ireland | 1 | 13% |
United States | 1 | 13% |
Canada | 1 | 13% |
Switzerland | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 4 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 7 | 88% |
Scientists | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 5% |
Unknown | 39 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 32% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 12% |
Researcher | 5 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 7% |
Professor | 3 | 7% |
Other | 7 | 17% |
Unknown | 5 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 23 | 56% |
Computer Science | 4 | 10% |
Linguistics | 3 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
Arts and Humanities | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 5% |
Unknown | 6 | 15% |