Title |
Vitamin-D Deficiency As a Potential Environmental Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis, Schizophrenia, and Autism
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychiatry, March 2017
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DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00047 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Eva Kočovská, Fiona Gaughran, Amir Krivoy, Ute-Christiane Meier |
Abstract |
In this short review, we want to summarize the current findings on the role of vitamin-D in multiple sclerosis (MS), schizophrenia, and autism. Many studies have highlighted hypovitaminosis-D as a potential environmental risk factor for a variety of conditions such as MS, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, psychiatric diseases. However, whether hypovitaminosis-D is a potential causative factor for the development or activity in these conditions or whether hypovitaminosis-D may be due to increased vitamin-D consumption by an activated immune system (reverse causation) is the focus of intense research. Here, we will discuss current evidence exploring the role of vitamin-D in MS, schizophrenia, and autism and its impact on adaptive and innate immunity, antimicrobial defense, the microbiome, neuroinflammation, behavior, and neurogenesis. More work is needed to gain insight into its role in the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions as it may offer attractive means of intervention and prevention. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 30 | 26% |
United Kingdom | 9 | 8% |
Australia | 4 | 3% |
Spain | 2 | 2% |
Canada | 2 | 2% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Rwanda | 1 | <1% |
Cabo Verde | 1 | <1% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Other | 7 | 6% |
Unknown | 57 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 95 | 83% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 11 | 10% |
Scientists | 6 | 5% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 223 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 35 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 30 | 13% |
Researcher | 20 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 8% |
Student > Postgraduate | 17 | 8% |
Other | 38 | 17% |
Unknown | 65 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 53 | 24% |
Neuroscience | 20 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 15 | 7% |
Psychology | 15 | 7% |
Other | 33 | 15% |
Unknown | 69 | 31% |