Title |
Lower Choline-Containing Metabolites/Creatine (Cr) Rise and Failure to Sustain NAA/Cr Levels in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Are Associated with Depressive Episode Recurrence under Maintenance Therapy: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Retrospective Cohort Study
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychiatry, December 2017
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DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00277 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Neven Henigsberg, Helena Šarac, Marko Radoš, Milan Radoš, David Ozretić, Tamara Foro, Viktorija Erdeljić Turk, Pero Hrabač, Maja Bajs Janović, Benedict Rak, Petra Kalember |
Abstract |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) parameters at the start of the index episode recovery phase and at recurrence in patients with recurrent depression who were treated with prolonged maintenance therapy. 1H-MRS parameters were analyzed in 48 patients with recurrent depression who required maintenance therapy with antidepressant medication prescribed by a psychiatrist and who continued with the same antidepressant during the maintenance phase, either to recurrence of depression, completion of the 10-year observation period, or the start of the withdrawal phase (tapering-off antidepressant). N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing metabolites (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamine/glutamate were measured at the start of the recovery phase and 6 months later. Recurrent depressive episodes occurred in 20 patients. These individuals had a smaller increase in Cho/Cr after the beginning of the recovery phase compared to the non-recurrent patient group and also exhibited a decreased NAA/Cr ratio. Sustainable NAA and increased Cho levels at the onset of the recovery phase of the index episode are early markers of antidepressant effectiveness associated with a lower risk of major depressive disorder recurrence. The NAA and Cho changes in the non-recurrent group may be attributable to increased brain resilience, contrary to the transient temporal effect observed in subjects who experienced a depressive episode. |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 30 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 20% |
Other | 4 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 10% |
Researcher | 2 | 7% |
Student > Master | 2 | 7% |
Other | 4 | 13% |
Unknown | 9 | 30% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Psychology | 7 | 23% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 13% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 10% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 10% |
Social Sciences | 1 | 3% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 10 | 33% |