Title |
HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Public Health, March 2017
|
DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00032 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hafiza Fizzah Zulfiqar, Aneeqa Javed, Sumbal, Bakht Afroze, Qurban Ali, Khadija Akbar, Tariq Nadeem, Muhammad Adeel Rana, Zaheer Ahmad Nazar, Idrees Ahmad Nasir, Tayyab Husnain |
Abstract |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the chief contributor to global burden of disease. In 2010, HIV was the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in people of all ages and leading cause for people aged 30-44 years. It is classified as a member of the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus based on the biological, morphological, and genetic properties. It infects different cells of the immune system, such as CD4+ T cells (T-helper cells), dendritic cells, and macrophages. HIV has two subtypes: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among these strains, HIV-1 is the most virulent and pathogenic. Advanced diagnostic methods are exploring new ways of treatment and contributing in the reduction of HIV cases. The diagnostic techniques like PCR, rapid test, EIA, p24 antigen, and western blot have markedly upgraded the diagnosis of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy and vaccines are promising candidates in providing therapeutic and preventive regimes, respectively. Invention of CRISPR/Cas9 is a breakthrough in the field of HIV disease management. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 18% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 9% |
Switzerland | 1 | 9% |
Unknown | 7 | 64% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 9 | 82% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 316 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 68 | 21% |
Student > Master | 44 | 14% |
Student > Postgraduate | 18 | 6% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 5% |
Other | 11 | 3% |
Other | 26 | 8% |
Unknown | 133 | 42% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 63 | 20% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 38 | 12% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 23 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 22 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 3% |
Other | 29 | 9% |
Unknown | 132 | 42% |