Title |
Immune Evasion Strategies of Glioblastoma
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Surgery, March 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00011 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Seyed-Mostafa Razavi, Karen E. Lee, Benjamin E. Jin, Parvir S. Aujla, Sharareh Gholamin, Gordon Li |
Abstract |
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating brain tumor, with associated poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgery and chemoradiation, the survival of afflicted patients has not improved significantly in the past three decades. Immunotherapy has been heralded as a promising approach in treatment of various cancers; however, the immune privileged environment of the brain usually curbs the optimal expected response in central nervous system malignancies. In addition, GBM cells create an immunosuppressive microenvironment and employ various methods to escape immune surveillance. The purpose of this review is to highlight the strategies by which GBM cells evade the host immune system. Further understanding of these strategies and the biology of this tumor will pave the way for developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment of GBM. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | <1% |
Unknown | 340 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 56 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 51 | 15% |
Student > Master | 42 | 12% |
Researcher | 32 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 22 | 6% |
Other | 43 | 13% |
Unknown | 96 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 63 | 18% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 38 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 25 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 25 | 7% |
Other | 36 | 11% |
Unknown | 113 | 33% |