| Title |
Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Applied Physiology, December 2002
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00421-002-0751-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
K. Häkkinen, M. Alen, W. J. Kraemer, E. Gorostiaga, M. Izquierdo, H. Rusko, J. Mikkola, A. Häkkinen, H. Valkeinen, E. Kaarakainen, S. Romu, V. Erola, J. Ahtiainen, L. Paavolainen |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of concurrent strength and endurance training (SE) (2 plus 2 days a week) versus strength training only (S) (2 days a week) in men [SE: n=11; 38 (5) years, S: n=16; 37 (5) years] over a training period of 21 weeks. The resistance training program addressed both maximal and explosive strength components. EMG, maximal isometric force, 1 RM strength, and rate of force development (RFD) of the leg extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris (QF) throughout the lengths of 4/15-12/15 (L(f)) of the femur, muscle fibre proportion and areas of types I, IIa, and IIb of the vastus lateralis (VL), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) were evaluated. No changes occurred in strength during the 1-week control period, while after the 21-week training period increases of 21% (p<0.001) and 22% (p<0.001), and of 22% (p<0.001) and 21% (p<0.001) took place in the 1RM load and maximal isometric force in S and SE, respectively. Increases of 26% (p<0.05) and 29% (p<0.001) occurred in the maximum iEMG of the VL in S and SE, respectively. The CSA of the QF increased throughout the length of the QF (from 4/15 to 12/15 L(f)) both in S (p<0.05-0.001) and SE (p<0.01-0.001). The mean fibre areas of types I, IIa and IIb increased after the training both in S (p<0.05 and 0.01) and SE (p<0.05 and p<0.01). S showed an increase in RFD (p<0.01), while no change occurred in SE. The average iEMG of the VL during the first 500 ms of the rapid isometric action increased (p<0.05-0.001) only in S. VO(2max) increased by 18.5% (p<0.001) in SE. The present data do not support the concept of the universal nature of the interference effect in strength development and muscle hypertrophy when strength training is performed concurrently with endurance training, and the training volume is diluted by a longer period of time with a low frequency of training. However, the present results suggest that even the low-frequency concurrent strength and endurance training leads to interference in explosive strength development mediated in part by the limitations of rapid voluntary neural activation of the trained muscles. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 16 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| France | 2 | 13% |
| Australia | 2 | 13% |
| Brazil | 2 | 13% |
| Saudi Arabia | 1 | 6% |
| Spain | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 8 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 14 | 88% |
| Scientists | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 856 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 12 | 1% |
| United States | 7 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | <1% |
| Spain | 3 | <1% |
| Malaysia | 2 | <1% |
| Germany | 2 | <1% |
| Portugal | 2 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Hungary | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 7 | <1% |
| Unknown | 814 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 152 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 130 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 105 | 12% |
| Researcher | 66 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 64 | 7% |
| Other | 182 | 21% |
| Unknown | 157 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 432 | 50% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 80 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 50 | 6% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 28 | 3% |
| Social Sciences | 24 | 3% |
| Other | 70 | 8% |
| Unknown | 172 | 20% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 33. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 November 2023.
All research outputs
#1,194,657
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#371
of 4,345 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,958
of 136,514 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#2
of 20 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 4,345 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its peers.
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