Title |
Prevalence of different pain categories based on pain spreading on the bodies of older adults in Sweden: a descriptive-level and multilevel association with demographics, comorbidities, medications, and certain lifestyle factors (PainS65+)
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Published in |
Journal of Pain Research, November 2016
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DOI | 10.2147/jpr.s119845 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
E Dragioti, B Larsson, L Bernfort, LÅ Levin, B Gerdle |
Abstract |
There is limited knowledge about the prevalence of pain and its relation to comorbidities, medication, and certain lifestyle factors in older adults. To address this limitation, this cross-sectional study examined the spreading of pain on the body in a sample of 6611 subjects ≥65 years old (mean age = 75.0 years; standard deviation [SD] = 7.7) living in southeastern Sweden. Sex, age, comorbidities, medication, nicotine, alcohol intake, and physical activity were analyzed in relation to the following pain categories: local pain (LP) (24.1%), regional pain medium (RP-Medium) (20.3%), regional pain heavy (RP-Heavy) (5.2%), and widespread pain (WSP) (1.7%). RP-Medium, RP-Heavy, and WSP were associated more strongly with women than with men (all p<0.01). RP-Heavy was less likely in the 80-84 and >85 age groups compared to the 65-69 age group (both p<0.01). Traumatic injuries, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and analgesics were associated with all pain categories (all p<0.001). An association with gastrointestinal disorders was found in LP, RP-Medium, and RP-Heavy (all p<0.01). Depressive disorders were associated with all pain categories, except for LP (all p<0.05). Disorders of the central nervous system were associated with both RP-Heavy and WSP (all p<0.05). Medication for peripheral vascular disorders was associated with RP-Medium (p<0.05), and hypnotics were associated with RP-Heavy (p<0.01). More than 50% of older adults suffered from different pain spread categories. Women were more likely to experience greater spreading of pain than men. A noteworthy number of common comorbidities and medications were associated with increased likelihood of pain spread from LP to RP-Medium, RP-Heavy, and WSP. Effective management plans should consider these observed associations to improve functional deficiency and decrease spreading of pain-related disability in older adults. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 42 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 12% |
Student > Master | 5 | 12% |
Other | 4 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 14% |
Unknown | 11 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 17% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 12% |
Psychology | 4 | 10% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 10% |
Sports and Recreations | 2 | 5% |
Other | 5 | 12% |
Unknown | 15 | 36% |