Genetic heterogeneity in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and CdLS-like phenotypes with observed and predicted levels of mosaicism

Morad Ansari, Gemma Poke, Quentin Ferry, Kathleen Williamson, Roland Aldridge, Alison M Meynert, Hemant Bengani, Cheng Yee Chan, Hülya Kayserili, Şahin Avci, Raoul C M Hennekam, Anne K Lampe, Egbert Redeker, Tessa Homfray, Alison Ross, Marie Falkenberg Smeland, Sahar Mansour, Michael J Parker, Jacqueline A Cook, Miranda Splitt, Richard B Fisher, Alan Fryer, Alex C Magee, Andrew Wilkie, Angela Barnicoat, Angela F Brady, Nicola S Cooper, Catherine Mercer, Charu Deshpande, Christopher P Bennett, Daniela T Pilz, Deborah Ruddy, Deirdre Cilliers, Diana S Johnson, Dragana Josifova, Elisabeth Rosser, Elizabeth M Thompson, Emma Wakeling, Esther Kinning, Fiona Stewart, Frances Flinter, Katta M Girisha, Helen Cox, Helen V Firth, Helen Kingston, Jamie S Wee, Jane A Hurst, Jill Clayton-Smith, John Tolmie, Julie Vogt, Katrina Tatton–Brown, Kate Chandler, Katrina Prescott, Louise Wilson, Mahdiyeh Behnam, Meriel McEntagart, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally-Ann Lynch, Sanjay Sisodiya, Sarju G Mehta, Shane A McKee, Shehla Mohammed, Simon Holden, Soo-Mi Park, Susan E Holder, Victoria Harrison, Vivienne McConnell, Wayne K Lam, Andrew J Green, Dian Donnai, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Deirdre E Donnelly, Christoffer Nellåker, Martin S Taylor, David R FitzPatrick

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder with distinctive facial appearance, intellectual disability and growth failure as prominent features. Most individuals with typical CdLS have de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NIPBL with mosaic individuals representing a significant proportion. Mutations in other cohesin components, SMC1A, SMC3, HDAC8 and RAD21 cause less typical CdLS.