Title |
Viral unmasking of cellular 5S rRNA pseudogene transcripts induces RIG-I-mediated immunity
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Published in |
Nature Immunology, November 2017
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DOI | 10.1038/s41590-017-0005-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jessica J. Chiang, Konstantin M. J. Sparrer, Michiel van Gent, Charlotte Lässig, Teng Huang, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Michaela U. Gack |
Abstract |
The sensor RIG-I detects double-stranded RNA derived from RNA viruses. Although RIG-I is also known to have a role in the antiviral response to DNA viruses, physiological RNA species recognized by RIG-I during infection with a DNA virus are largely unknown. Using next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we found that host-derived RNAs, most prominently 5S ribosomal RNA pseudogene 141 (RNA5SP141), bound to RIG-I during infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Infection with HSV-1 induced relocalization of RNA5SP141 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and virus-induced shutoff of host protein synthesis downregulated the abundance of RNA5SP141-interacting proteins, which allowed RNA5SP141 to bind RIG-I and induce the expression of type I interferons. Silencing of RNA5SP141 strongly dampened the antiviral response to HSV-1 and the related virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as well as influenza A virus (IAV). Our findings reveal that antiviral immunity can be triggered by host RNAs that are unshielded following depletion of their respective binding proteins by the virus. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 19 | 36% |
France | 6 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 8% |
Singapore | 1 | 2% |
Australia | 1 | 2% |
Sweden | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 20 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 25 | 47% |
Scientists | 24 | 45% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 6% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 175 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 39 | 22% |
Researcher | 30 | 17% |
Student > Master | 23 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 5% |
Other | 28 | 16% |
Unknown | 31 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 50 | 29% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 29 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 7% |
Chemistry | 3 | 2% |
Other | 12 | 7% |
Unknown | 37 | 21% |