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Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Bipolar Disorder: Role of Immune-Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Tryptophan Catabolites
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Current Psychiatry Reports, January 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11920-014-0541-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
George Anderson, Michael Maes |
| Abstract |
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disorder with a range of presentations. BD is defined by the presentation of symptoms of mania or depression, with classification dependent on patient/family reports and behavioural observations. Recent work has investigated the biological underpinnings of BD, highlighting the role played by increased immune-inflammatory activity, which is readily indicated by changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines or signalling, both centrally and systemically, e.g. increased interleukin-6 trans-signalling. Here, we review the recent data on immune-inflammatory pathways and cytokine changes in BD. Such changes are intimately linked to changes in oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and neuroregulatory tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both centrally and peripherally. TRYCATs take tryptophan away from serotonin, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin synthesis, driving it down the TRYCAT pathway, predominantly as a result of the pro-inflammatory cytokine induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. This has led to an emerging biological perspective on the aetiology, course and treatment of BD. Such data also better integrates the numerous comorbidities associated with BD, including addiction, cardiovascular disorders and increased reporting of pain. Immune-inflammatory, O&NS and TRYCAT pathways are also likely to be relevant biological underpinnings to the significant decrease in life expectancy in BD. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 145 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 142 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 18 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 16 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 16 | 11% |
| Researcher | 11 | 8% |
| Other | 33 | 23% |
| Unknown | 35 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 29 | 20% |
| Psychology | 17 | 12% |
| Neuroscience | 15 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 19 | 13% |
| Unknown | 44 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 27. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 June 2022.
All research outputs
#1,210,113
of 22,668,244 outputs
Outputs from Current Psychiatry Reports
#136
of 1,185 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#18,418
of 352,562 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Current Psychiatry Reports
#3
of 24 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,668,244 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,185 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 17.8. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 352,562 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 24 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its contemporaries.