Title |
Characterization and source apportionment of particle number concentration at a semi-urban tropical environment
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Published in |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, May 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s11356-015-4541-4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Md Firoz Khan, Mohd Talib Latif, Norhaniza Amil, Liew Juneng, Noorlin Mohamad, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque |
Abstract |
Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation have been used to study the variability of particle mass and particle number concentrations (PNC) in a tropical semi-urban environment. PNC and mass concentration (diameter in the range of 0.25->32.0 μm) have been measured from 1 February to 26 February 2013 using an in situ Grimm aerosol sampler. We found that the 24-h average total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter ≤1 μm (PM1) were 14.37 ± 4.43, 14.11 ± 4.39, 12.53 ± 4.13 and 10.53 ± 3.98 μg m(-3), respectively. PNC in the accumulation mode (<500 nm) was the most abundant (at about 99 %). Five principal components (PCs) resulted from the PCA analysis where PC1 (43.8 % variance) predominates with PNC in the fine and sub-microme tre range. PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5 explain 16.5, 12.4, 6.0 and 5.6 % of the variance to address the coarse, coarser, accumulation and giant fraction of PNC, respectively. Our particle distribution results show good agreement with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) distribution. |
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Professor | 4 | 7% |
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Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 12 | 20% |