Title |
Characterization of connexin36 gap junctions in the human outer retina
|
---|---|
Published in |
Brain Structure and Function, July 2015
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00429-015-1082-z |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Orsolya Kántor, Zsigmond Benkő, Anna Énzsöly, Csaba Dávid, Angela Naumann, Roland Nitschke, Arnold Szabó, Emese Pálfi, József Orbán, Miklós Nyitrai, János Németh, Ágoston Szél, Ákos Lukáts, Béla Völgyi |
Abstract |
Retinal connexins (Cx) form gap junctions (GJ) in key circuits that transmit average or synchronize signals. Expression of Cx36, -45, -50 and -57 have been described in many species but there is still a disconcerting paucity of information regarding the Cx makeup of human retinal GJs. We used well-preserved human postmortem samples to characterize Cx36 GJ constituent circuits of the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Based on their location, morphometric characteristics and co-localizations with outer retinal neuronal markers, we distinguished four populations of Cx36 plaques in the human OPL. Three of these were comprised of loosely scattered Cx36 plaques; the distalmost population 1 formed cone-to-rod GJs, population 2 in the mid-OPL formed cone-to-cone GJs, whereas the proximalmost population 4 likely connected bipolar cell dendrites. The fourth population (population 3) of Cx36 plaques conglomerated beneath cone pedicles and connected dendritic tips of bipolar cells that shared a common presynaptic cone. Overall, we show that the human outer retina displays a diverse cohort of Cx36 GJ that follows the general mammalian scheme and display a great functional diversity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 24 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 16% |
Student > Master | 2 | 8% |
Researcher | 2 | 8% |
Lecturer > Senior Lecturer | 1 | 4% |
Other | 3 | 12% |
Unknown | 9 | 36% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 6 | 24% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 12% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 9 | 36% |