Title |
Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection
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Published in |
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, September 2015
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DOI | 10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Werner Rühm, Gayle E. Woloschak, Roy E. Shore, Tamara V. Azizova, Bernd Grosche, Ohtsura Niwa, Suminori Akiba, Tetsuya Ono, Keiji Suzuki, Toshiyasu Iwasaki, Nobuhiko Ban, Michiaki Kai, Christopher H. Clement, Simon Bouffler, Hideki Toma, Nobuyuki Hamada |
Abstract |
The biological effects on humans of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have always been of major interest. The most recent concept as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is to extrapolate existing epidemiological data at high doses and dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates relevant to radiological protection, using the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). The present paper summarizes what was presented and discussed by experts from ICRP and Japan at a dedicated workshop on this topic held in May 2015 in Kyoto, Japan. This paper describes the historical development of the DDREF concept in light of emerging scientific evidence on dose and dose-rate effects, summarizes the conclusions recently drawn by a number of international organizations (e.g., BEIR VII, ICRP, SSK, UNSCEAR, and WHO), mentions current scientific efforts to obtain more data on low-dose and low-dose-rate effects at molecular, cellular, animal and human levels, and discusses future options that could be useful to improve and optimize the DDREF concept for the purpose of radiological protection. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 5 | 42% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 6 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 83% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Scientists | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 80 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 12 | 15% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 12% |
Student > Master | 9 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 7% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 7% |
Other | 22 | 27% |
Unknown | 16 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 15% |
Physics and Astronomy | 11 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 7% |
Engineering | 6 | 7% |
Other | 16 | 20% |
Unknown | 20 | 25% |