Title |
Promoting Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes Using Low-Dose Interleukin-2
|
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Published in |
Current Diabetes Reports, April 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11892-016-0739-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Connor J. Dwyer, Natasha C. Ward, Alberto Pugliese, Thomas R. Malek |
Abstract |
Dysregulation of the immune system contributes to the breakdown of immune regulation, leading to autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current therapies for T1D include daily insulin, due to pancreatic β-cell destruction to maintain blood glucose levels, suppressive immunotherapy to decrease the symptoms associated with autoimmunity, and islet transplantation. Genetic risks for T1D have been linked to IL-2 and IL-2R signaling pathways that lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance mechanisms, primarily through altered regulatory T cell (Treg) function and homeostasis. In attempt to correct such deficits, therapeutic administration of IL-2 at low doses has gained attention due to the capacity to boost Tregs without the unwanted stimulation of effector T cells. Preclinical and clinical studies utilizing low-dose IL-2 have shown promising results to expand Tregs due to their high selective sensitivity to respond to IL-2. These results suggest that low-dose IL-2 therapy represents a new class of immunotherapy for T1D by promoting immune regulation rather than broadly suppressing unwanted and beneficial immune responses. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 58 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 11 | 19% |
Researcher | 9 | 16% |
Student > Master | 6 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 10% |
Other | 3 | 5% |
Other | 6 | 10% |
Unknown | 17 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 10 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 10% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 3% |
Unknown | 17 | 29% |