Title |
Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach
|
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Published in |
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, October 2015
|
DOI | 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0109 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ann M. Cools, Fredrik R. Johansson, Dorien Borms, Annelies Maenhout |
Abstract |
The shoulder is at high risk for injury during overhead sports, in particular in throwing or hitting activities, such as baseball, tennis, handball, and volleyball. In order to create a scientific basis for the prevention of recurrent injuries in overhead athletes, four steps need to be undertaken: (1) risk factors for injury and re-injury need to be defined; (2) established risk factors may be used as return-to-play criteria, with cut-off values based on normative databases; (3) these variables need to be measured using reliable, valid assessment tools and procedures; and (4) preventative training programs need to be designed and implemented into the training program of the athlete in order to prevent re-injury. In general, three risk factors have been defined that may form the basis for recommendations for the prevention of recurrent injury and return to play after injury: glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (GIRD); rotator cuff strength, in particular the strength of the external rotators; and scapular dyskinesis, in particular scapular position and strength. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | 16% |
Japan | 3 | 8% |
Netherlands | 3 | 8% |
Belgium | 2 | 5% |
Canada | 2 | 5% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Italy | 1 | 3% |
Peru | 1 | 3% |
Australia | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 17 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 31 | 84% |
Scientists | 3 | 8% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 1018 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 201 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 201 | 20% |
Student > Postgraduate | 60 | 6% |
Other | 55 | 5% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 5% |
Other | 158 | 15% |
Unknown | 292 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Sports and Recreations | 248 | 24% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 193 | 19% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 186 | 18% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 15 | 1% |
Social Sciences | 10 | <1% |
Other | 52 | 5% |
Unknown | 317 | 31% |