Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Merryn Voysey, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Shabir A Madhi, Lily Y Weckx, Pedro M Folegatti, Parvinder K Aley, Brian Angus, Vicky L Baillie, Shaun L Barnabas, Qasim E Bhorat, Sagida Bibi, Carmen Briner, Paola Cicconi, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck, Andrea M Collins, Clare L Cutland, Thomas C Darton, Keertan Dheda, Christina Dold, Christopher J A Duncan, Katherine R W Emary, Katie J Ewer, Amy Flaxman, Lee Fairlie, Saul N Faust, Shuo Feng, Daniela M Ferreira, Adam Finn, Eva Galiza, Anna L Goodman, Catherine M Green, Christopher A Green, Melanie Greenland, Catherine Hill, Helen C Hill, Ian Hirsch, Alane Izu, Daniel Jenkin, Carina C D Joe, Simon Kerridge, Anthonet Koen, Gaurav Kwatra, Rajeka Lazarus, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J Lillie, Natalie G Marchevsky, Richard P Marshall, Ana V A Mendes, Eveline P Milan, Angela M Minassian, Alastair McGregor, Yama F Mujadidi, Anusha Nana, Sherman D Padayachee, Daniel J Phillips, Ana Pittella, Emma Plested, Katrina M Pollock, Maheshi N Ramasamy, Adam J Ritchie, Hannah Robinson, Alexandre V Schwarzbold, Andrew Smith, Rinn Song, Matthew D Snape, Eduardo Sprinz, Rebecca K Sutherland, Emma C Thomson, M Estée Török, Mark Toshner, David P J Turner, Johan Vekemans, Tonya L Villafana, Thomas White, Christopher J Williams, Alexander D Douglas, Adrian V S Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C Gilbert, Andrew J Pollard, Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group, Marites Aban, Kushala W.M. Abeyskera, Jeremy Aboagye, Matthew Adam, Kirsty Adams, James P. Adamson, Gbadebo Adewatan, Syed Adlou, Khatija Ahmed, Yasmeen Akhalwaya, Saajida Akhalwaya, Andrew Alcock, Aabidah Ali, Elizabeth R. Allen, Lauren Allen, Felipe B. Alvernaz, Fabio Santos Amorim, Claudia Sala Andrade, Foteini Andritsou, Rachel Anslow, Edward H. Arbe-Barnes, Mark P. Ariaans, Beatriz Arns, Laiana Arruda, Luiza Assad, Paula De Almeida Azi, Lorena De Almeida Azi, Gavin Babbage, Catherine Bailey, Kenneth F. Baker, Megan Baker, Natalie Baker, Philip Baker, Ioana Baleanu, Danieli Bandeira, Anna Bara, Marcella A.S. Barbosa, Debbie Barker, Gavin D. Barlow, Eleanor Barnes, Andrew S. Barr, Jordan R. Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Kelly Barrett, Louise Bates, Alexander Batten, Kirsten Beadon, Emily Beales, Rebecca Beckley, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Jonathan Bell, Duncan Bellamy, Sue Belton, Adam Berg, Laura Bermejo, Eleanor Berrie, Lisa Berry, Daniella Berzenyi, Amy Beveridge, Kevin R. Bewley, Inderjeet Bharaj, Sutika Bhikha, Asad E. Bhorat, Zaheda E. Bhorat, Else Margreet Bijker, Sarah Birch, Gurpreet Birch, Kathryn Birchall, Adam Bird, Olivia Bird, Karen Bisnauthsing, Mustapha Bittaye, Luke Blackwell, Rachel Blacow, Heather Bletchly, Caitlin L. Blundell, Susannah R. Blundell, Pritesh Bodalia, Emma Bolam, Elena Boland, Daan Bormans, Nicola Borthwick, Francesca Bowring, Amy Boyd, Penny Bradley, Tanja Brenner, Alice Bridges-Webb, Phillip Brown, Claire Brown, Charlie Brown-O'Sullivan, Scott Bruce, Emily Brunt, William Budd, Yusuf A. Bulbulia, Melanie Bull, Jamie Burbage, Aileen Burn, Karen R. Buttigieg, Nicholas Byard, Ingrid Cabrera Puig, Anna Calvert, Susana Camara, Michelangelo Cao, Federica Cappuccini, Rita Cardona, João R. Cardoso, Melanie Carr, Miles W. Carroll, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Yasmin de M. Carvalho, Helen R. Casey, Paul Cashen, Thais R.Y. Castro, Lucia Carratala Castro, Katrina Cathie, Ana Cavey, José Cerbino-Neto, Luiz Fernando F. Cezar, Jim Chadwick, Chanice Chanice, David Chapman, Sue Charlton, Katerina S. Cheliotis, Irina Chelysheva, Oliver Chester, Emily Chiplin, Sunder Chita, Jee-Sun Cho, Liliana Cifuentes, Elizabeth Clark, Matthew Clark, Rachel Colin-Jones, Sarah L.K. Collins, Hayley Colton, Christopher P. Conlon, Sean Connarty, Naomi Coombes, Cushla Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Lynne Cornelissen, Tumena Corrah, Catherine A. Cosgrove, Fernanda Barroso Costa, Tony Cox, Wendy E.M. Crocker, Sarah Crosbie, Dan Cullen, Debora R.M.F. Cunha, Christina J. Cunningham, Fiona C. Cuthbertson, Daniel Marinho da Costa, Suzete N. Farias Da Guarda, Larissa P. da Silva, Antonio Carlos da Silva Moraes, Brad E. Damratoski, Zsofia Danos, Maria T.D.C. Dantas, Mehreen S. Datoo, Chandrabali Datta, Malika Davids, Sarah L. Davies, Kelly Davies, Hannah Davies, Sophie Davies, Judith Davies, Elizabeth J. Davis, John Davis, José A.M. de Carvalho, Jeanne De Jager, Sergio de Jesus, Lis Moreno De Oliveira Kalid, David Dearlove, Tesfaye Demissie, Amisha Desai, Stefania Di Marco, Claudio Di Maso, Tanya Dinesh, Claire Docksey, Tao Dong, Francesca R. Donnellan, Tannyth Gomes Dos Santos, Thainá G. Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho Dos Santos, Naomi Douglas, Charlotte Downing, Jonathan Drake, Rachael Drake-Brockman, Ruth Drury, Joan Du Plessis, Susanna J. Dunachie, Andrew Duncan, Nicholas J.W. Easom, Mandy Edwards, Nick J. Edwards, Frances Edwards, Omar M. El Muhanna, Sean C. Elias, Branwen Ellison-Handley, Michael J. Elmore, Marcus Rex English, Alisgair Esmail, Yakub Moosa Essack, Mutjaba Farooq, Sofiya Fedosyuk, Sally Felle, Susie Ferguson, Carla Ferreira Da Silva, Samantha Field, Richard Fisher, James Fletcher, Hazel Fofie, Henry Fok, Karen J. Ford, Ross Fothergill, Jamie Fowler, Pedro H.A. Fraiman, Emma Francis, Marilia M. Franco, John Frater, Marilúcia S.M. Freire, Samantha H. 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Houlihan, Elizabeth Howe, Nicola Howell, Jonathan Humphreys, Holly E. Humphries, Katrina Hurley, Claire Huson, Catherine Hyams, Angela Hyder-Wright, Sabina Ikram, Alka Ishwarbhai, Poppy Iveson, Vidyashankara Iyer, Frederic Jackson, Susan Jackson, Shameem Jaumdally, Helen Jeffers, Natasha Jesudason, Carina Jones, Christopher Jones, Kathryn Jones, Elizabeth Jones, Marianna Rocha Jorge, Amar Joshi, Eduardo A.M.S. Júnior, Reshma Kailath, Faeeza Kana, Arnab Kar, Konstantinos Karampatsas, Mwila Kasanyinga, Linda Kay, Jade Keen, Johanna Kellett Wright, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Debbie Kelly, Dearbhla M. Kelly, Sarah Kelly, David Kerr, Liaquat Khan, Baktash Khozoee, Ankush Khurana, Sarah Kidd, Annabel Killen, Jasmin Kinch, Patrick Kinch, Lloyd D.W. King, Thomas B. King, Lucy Kingham, Paul Klenerman, Diana M. Kluczna, Francesca Knapper, Julian C. Knight, Daniel Knott, Stanislava Koleva, Pedro M. Lages, Matilda Lang, Gail Lang, Colin W. Larkworthy, Jessica P.J. Larwood, Rebecca Law, Alison M. 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