Title |
Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences
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Published in |
British Journal of Social Psychology, January 2011
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DOI | 10.1348/014466608x314935 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Amy J. C. Cuddy, Susan T. Fiske, Virginia S. Y. Kwan, Peter Glick, Stéphanie Demoulin, Jacques‐Philippe Leyens, Michael Harris Bond, Jean‐Claude Croizet, Naomi Ellemers, Ed Sleebos, Tin Tin Htun, Hyun‐Jeong Kim, Greg Maio, Judi Perry, Kristina Petkova, Valery Todorov, Rosa Rodríguez‐Bailón, Elena Morales, Miguel Moya, Marisol Palacios, Vanessa Smith, Rolando Perez, Jorge Vala, Rene Ziegler |
Abstract |
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross-cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in-groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high-competence/high-warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out-group derogation without obvious reference-group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 2 | 67% |
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 15 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
France | 3 | <1% |
Chile | 2 | <1% |
Portugal | 2 | <1% |
China | 2 | <1% |
Poland | 2 | <1% |
Japan | 2 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Other | 13 | 1% |
Unknown | 903 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 215 | 23% |
Student > Master | 149 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 111 | 12% |
Researcher | 83 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 69 | 7% |
Other | 154 | 16% |
Unknown | 169 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 456 | 48% |
Social Sciences | 117 | 12% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 101 | 11% |
Arts and Humanities | 16 | 2% |
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 14 | 1% |
Other | 67 | 7% |
Unknown | 179 | 19% |