Title |
Fluid restriction in patients with heart failure: how should we think?
|
---|---|
Published in |
European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, May 2016
|
DOI | 10.1177/1474515116650346 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Peter Johansson, Martje HL van der Wal, Anna Strömberg, Nana Waldréus, Tiny Jaarsma |
Abstract |
Fluid restriction has long been considered one of the cornerstones in self-care management of patients with heart failure. The aim of this discussion paper is to discuss fluid restriction in heart failure and propose advice about fluid intake in heart failure patients. Although there have been seven randomised studies on fluid restriction in heart failure patients, the effect of fluid restriction on its own were only evaluated in two studies. In both studies, a stringent fluid restriction compared to a liberal fluid intake was not more beneficial with regard to clinical stability or body weight. In the other studies fluid restriction was part of a larger study intervention including, for example, individualised dietary recommendations and follow-up by telephone. Thus, the effect of fluid restriction on its own has been poorly evaluated. Fluid restriction should not be recommended to all heart failure patients. However, temporary fluid restriction can be considered in decompensated heart failure and/or patients with hyponatremia. Tailored fluid restriction based on body weight (30 ml/kg per day) seems to be most reasonable. To increase adherence to temporary fluid restriction, education, support and planned evaluations can be recommended. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 17% |
Sweden | 2 | 11% |
Spain | 2 | 11% |
Poland | 1 | 6% |
Cyprus | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 9 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 8 | 44% |
Members of the public | 7 | 39% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 11% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 176 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 36 | 20% |
Student > Master | 24 | 14% |
Student > Postgraduate | 14 | 8% |
Researcher | 11 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 3% |
Other | 18 | 10% |
Unknown | 69 | 39% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Nursing and Health Professions | 46 | 26% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 34 | 19% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 3% |
Psychology | 4 | 2% |
Unspecified | 3 | 2% |
Other | 11 | 6% |
Unknown | 73 | 41% |